2021

A broad variety of aquaculture-related medications, drugs, and chemicals (AMDC) are extensively used in the aquaculture industry in South-Eastern Bangladesh. Fish farmers are worried about the quality of their final product, and disease outbreaks must be stopped at all costs. Farmers are sometimes one ahead of the curve when it comes to producing healthy final products by including probiotics, vitamins, and minerals into their aquaculture setups to promote early and disease-free output. However, the current study was carried out in south eastern Bangladesh, specifically in the highly dense aquaculture regions of Chandpur, Cumilla, and Feni district (17 upazilas), from November 2016 to January 2018.   Questions were asked through interviews and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held to gather primary data. The major target groups were aquaculture farmers, AMDC shops, pharmaceutical company employees, and hatchery owners. In this three-county area, according to the findings from the thorough research, there are a total of 33 companies that advertise 330 generics brand products via their own distributional channels. Among the available AMDC products in the study area, growth promoters were mostly abundant products among all categories while other products such as predator removal products, insecticides and ectoparasiticides, water quality and pond management, plankton producer, plankton bloom cleaner, disinfectant and disease treatment, toxic gas reducer, pH controller, oxygen supply, stress reducer, growth promoter, probiotics and antibiotics were most selling products to the farmers. The present study revealed 19 generic of antibiotics were available and prescribed by the AMDC vendors or aquaculture disease consultants (ADC) around the regions. Additionally, the research also included the dosages of AMDC and the method of administration in the aquaculture pond, which will assist both the farmers and the ADC in selecting and suggesting the appropriate medications or treatments that may be beneficial to the farmers in the long run.

Growth and production of near threatened Ompok pabda (Hamilton) were examined at different feeding frequencies in the present study. The experiment was conducted for four months in three earthen ponds from 1^st April to 31^st July 2018 at Tanore Upazila in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. The experiment was performed using pabda, (Ompok pabda) fingerling (average) to study the effect of feeding frequency on growth performance. The study carried out considering three treatments, namely T₁, T_2, and T₃; while the feeding frequency was two times per day in treatment T₁, three times per day in treatment T_2, and four times per day in treatment T₃. Fish were fed considering three-stage of life span; these were fingerling stage, early growing stage, and growing stage. In the fry stage, the fishes were fed 20% feed, in the fingerlings stage the fish were fed 10% feed and in the growing stage, the fish were fed 8% feed of the body weight. The mean water temperature ranged between 27.13±2.10 and 27.29±2.16 °C among treatments, while water transparency ranged between 31.91±1.58 and 29.96±1.84 cm. pH ranged between 7.62±0.14 and 7.70±0.19; while the mean dissolved oxygen was ranged between 5.35±0.11 and 5.56±0.14 among treatments. The final weight gain was found to be highest (56.36±0.01) in the treatment T₂ and lowest (38.23±0.01) in the treatment T₃. The SGR value was higher (3.94±0.01) in the treatments T₂ followed by treatments T₁ and T₃. Net weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in feeding frequency three (56.36±0.1), followed by feeding frequency four (38.23±0.1) and feeding frequency two (40.67±0.73). The FCR value ranged between 1.90 and 2.87 among treatments. The growth performance and specific growth rate were significantly (p<0.05) higher in feeding frequency three. The highest (4049.1±0.1 kg/ha/120 days) production was observed in T₂. Best cost benefit ratio was gained in treatment T₂.

The present study illustrates species diversity, landing quality and catch composition of fish in 10 fish landing centers of 5 haor upazilas of Kishoreganj haor for 12 months from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 15 different types of fishing gears were detected to harvest fish in different stations throughout a year. Most of the fishing (46.88%) was conducted by small groups of 2 – 5 fishers, while 24.87% of the fishing was conducted by 6 – 10 fishers. The average depth of water in haor associated rivers and inundated lands during monsoon period varied from 4.87±0.99 to 15.2±6.71 and 2.6±0.55 to 6.2±2.68 feet respectively. Fifty different types of fish species were landed in the selected 10 landing centers, where both cultured fish and captured fish were present. Fishes under the Cyprinidae family included 9 species, viz. Labeo rohita. Gebelion catla, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, Labeo calbasu, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo gonius covered a maximum of 12450.61±468.32 MT. The second largest landed fish under the family Schilbeidae included 4 species Silonia silondia, Mystus armatus, Mystus cavasius Pseudeutropius atherinoides. Other fish species landed were identified as: 4 species under the family Mastacembelidae, 2 species under Siluridae, 3 species under Clupidae, 1 species under Ambassidae, 2 species under Palaemonidae, 3 species under Channidae, 1 species under Gobidae, 2 species under Bagridae and 1 species from each of the family Heteropneustidae, Pangasiidae, Clariidae, Ailiidae, Botiidae, Nandidae, Cichlidae, Anabantidae, Osphronemidae, Ambassidae, Notopteridae, Notopteridae,Belonidae and Gobiidae. Highest number 14 species landed were under catfish category, followed by 9 species of major carp. The captured total fish landed in 10 landing centers in 12 month period accounted 12,574±1029.64  MT, but the cumulative total landed fish, including pond fish, was 15,795±1666061.93 MT, as calculated by 45 Aratdars of 10 landing centers. About 88.35% fishermen sold the captured fish at local arat, but the rest (11.65%) were sold to large traders (paiker), retailers and consumers. A 56.6% of the fishermen cleaned the captured fish by river water, while 43.4% fishermen did not use water for washing fish before selling. After harvest, 45.62% fishers used clean utensils for carrying fish to arat and 54.38% used uncleaned utensils. Average harvest per fishermen per day was  23.9 kg, of which  22.26 kg was sold in the market and 1.64 kg was used for own family consumption.   Out of total fish landed, a 45.2% was transported by fish hold of the country boat, 21.9% by bamboo basket and 14.8% by plastic crate. Relatively small quantity of fish was transported by insulated ice box (4.7%), aluminum container (2.7%) and gunny bag (3.2%). A 32.6% fisherman used ice and 67.4 % fishermen did not use ice after harvesting of fish. During fishing season, fish and ice ratio used by the transporters was 2.62:1. The highest number of auctioneers were found in Chamra Ghat of Karimganj, while lowest were in Nikli, with an area of 55±1.44 and 25±8.42 decimal area per auctioneers being used for fish business.

Organic production of Green Cabbage may ensure the nutritional status and food safety for the consumers, but maintaining the productivity and economic viability of inorganic production is almost impossible for farmers of Bangladesh. At this context, a study was carried out at the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October 2017 to March 2018 to evaluate the efficacy of vermicompost and biochar on agronomic properties and economic of cabbage. Four biochar treatments, (  B₀: 0 t ha^-1 biochar, B₁ :2 t ha^-1 , B₂ :6 t ha^-1  and B₃ :10 t ha^-1) and three vermicompost treatments (Vc₀ : 0 t ha^-1, Vc₁ :4 t ha^-1 and Vc₂ :8 t ha^-1 ) were selected. B₀Vc₀ was considered as control. The results revealed that maximum highest plant height, number of leaves plant^-1, leaf length, leaf breadth and plant spread were obtained when the B₃ was mixed withVc₂. But the thickness of head (10.29 cm), diameter of head (16.66 cm), % dry matter of cabbage (14.93%), weight of cabbage head plant^-1 (1370 g) and yield of cabbage (52.75 t ha^-1) were obtained from the treatment combination of B₂Vc₂. In terms of economic sustainability, the net return (Tk 523598) with highest BCR (3.70) was obtained from the treatment combination of B₁Vc₁.These results provide prove the effectiveness of biochar and vermicompost in sustainable Cabbage production. It also provides baseline guidelines for further investigation of choosing the appropriate combination of organic amendments based on crop requirement to maximize economic value.

A study was carried out to detect and estimate the residue of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in brinjal, tomato and cauliflower using Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD) and Flame Thermionic Detector (FTD). Three supervised field trials were conducted and sprayed with the recommended dose of cypermethrin (1 ml/L of water) and chlorpyrifos (3 ml/L of water) in three vegetables by knapsack sprayer. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 days after spray (DAS). The quantity of cypermethrin residue was above EU-MRLs (Maximum Residue Limit set by European Union) up to 4 DAS with 0.538 mg/kg in cauliflower; 3 DAS with 0.508 mg/kg in brinjal and 0.695 mg/kg in tomato. The quantity decreased down 0.328-0.019 mg/kg in cauliflower (4-9 DAS); 0.098-0.012 mg/kg (4-7 DAS) in brinjal and 0.458-0.022 mg/kg (4-7 DAS) in tomato which were below EU-MRLs (0.5 mg/kg).  The quantity of chlorpyrifos residue was above EU-MRLs up to 9 DAS with 0.012 mg/kg in cauliflower but in brinjal and tomato, the detected quantities were above EU-MRLs up to 7 DAS with 0.029 mg/kg and 0.017 mg/kg residue. No residue was detected from brinjal and tomato samples collected at 8 DAS. But in cauliflower, no residue was detected at 10 days after spray. So, brinjal, tomato and cauliflower can be harvested safely at 4 DAS and 5 DAS for cypermethrin and in case of chlorpyrifos it was 8 DAS in brinjal and tomato and 10 DAS in cauliflower.

The unique biodiversity in Malaysia makes this country a global hotspot for different aspects of research. Many European and non-native research activities are conducting by different research groups, whereas local institutions also collaborate with them to explore the pristine nature of west (peninsular Malaysia) and East Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah province). East Malaysia is located in Borneo Island, and the biodiversity of this area are huge. The current review work scrutinized the information about the research activities on aquatic bivalve species and their different aspects of the investigation. This investigation revealed, to date 28 research publications were published on aquatic bivalves from eastern Malaysia, where biodiversity, conservation and ecology was the major aspect of research. The other aspects were aquaculture, natural history and taxonomy, nutritional study, reproduction of bivalve, morphology, and pollution can be mentionable. The major portion of this eastern Malaysia are not investigated and it is assumed that many species are still not reported.  Further studies demand to explore the vast bivalve biodiversity of this part of Malaysia.