Abstract not available

Campylobacter, one of the four key causes of diarrheal diseases of humans, is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen commonly found in cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. As the number of crossbred cattle steadily increases in Bangladesh through intensified livestock production to fulfill the demand of animal-source protein, the risk of pathogenic Campylobacter transmission is likely to increase in humans and animals including the farm environment. The objective of this study was to confirm the risk pathways and estimate the likelihood of entry and exposure risks of Campylobacter for cattle in the farm holdings. Following OIE risk analysis guidelines and tools, we assessed the risk level of each pathway using secondary and field observation data used in expert opinion elicitation process to formulate and confirm the risk level and their combined risk. The probable risk nodes were combined to obtain the total risk level for each specific transmission pathway using the template adapted by Zepeda-Sein based upon expert opinions. The evaluations revealed that the risk of the entry and exposure of Campylobacter is medium with medium levels of uncertainty. Moreover, the consequence pathways showed high risk with low level of uncertainty. Finally, the overall risk for transmission was evaluated as medium with medium level of uncertainty. This study suggests that there is a significant risk of Campylobacter transmission which may spread in humans, animals and successfully maintain in the farm environments. Good animal husbandry practices along with personal hygiene and sanitation practices of animal attendants including their family members are needed to minimize the risk of Campylobacter transmission from farmed cattle to humans. The findings of this study could be useful for framing functional risk reduction measures at the low-resource settings using One Health approach considering human, animal and environmental health perspectives.

Adult butterflies lay their eggs on specific larval host plants, which serve as food for caterpillars after hatching. This study, conducted between January 2023 and June 2024, aimed to compile a checklist and assess the spatial distribution of butterfly larval host plants within the semi-natural campus of Jahangirnagar University (JU), Bangladesh. The research identified 107 plant species from 37 families as larval hosts for 72 butterfly species. The study area was divided into 10 sites, focusing mainly on the distribution of 12 key larval host plants due to their ecological significance and extensive use by butterflies. These key plants included Capparis zeylanica, Citrus aurantiifolia, Butea monosperma, Oryza sativa, Cassia fistula, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Calotropis gigantea, Ziziphus oenopolia, Senna tora, Polyalthia longifolia, Mimosa pudica, and Delonix regia. The findings revealed that butterflies predominantly utilized plants from the Caesalpiniaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, and Apocynaceae families as larval hosts. These results are crucial for developing effective conservation strategies for butterflies in Bangladesh, including on the JU campus. By identifying key host plants and their distribution, the study underscores the importance of habitat restoration and the protection of native species to support butterfly populations in both natural and urban areas.