A series of experiments were conducted on the Agronomy farm and laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to demonstrated a promising way of increasing soil organic matter, total N in pre sown and postharvest land by green manure cultivation and reducing the inorganic fertilizer inputs in rice production and finally observed the quality of grown T. aman seed in laboratory condition. Several green manures were found more potential in two years regarding their plant height, dry biomass production and better performance concerning organic matter, nitrogen and potassium contribution to soil and increased rice yield. Morphological characteristics of eight green manure crops were studied and incorporated at 45DAS for decomposition. One month after decomposition of green manure, rice (BRRI dhan66) plant was transplanted with 100% NPK (F₁) and 50% NPK (F₂) and pre sown rice soil, post-harvest soil nutrient statuses were studied. Result showed that Pre shown rice soil increased 0.5 to 0.6% SOM (2^nd year), 0.04% soil N (both year) and 0.04% soil K (1^st year) which ultimately increase rice yield 62% to 68% (with F1) and 10% to 42% in 1^st and 2^nd year. Post-harvest soil nutrient status shown the positive balance of (0.1% to 1%) organic matter and total N (0.04% to 0.7%) in the 1^st years and 2^nd years and P was found drastically increased in 2^nd year, respectively. Germination%, germination energy%, seedling length, fresh and dry weight of six month stored rice seedling also found highest from S. rostata and S. aculeata under laboratory condition. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata, S. rostrata, V. unguiculata and Crotalaria juncea as GM with N significantly influenced the grain yield of rice and pre and post-harvest soil.

The silent killer Hepatitis-B is a major threat to public health throughout the world and well recognized occupational risk for healthcare workers. Good knowledge and practice about hepatitis- B virus (HBV) infection prevention is crucial for HBV infection control. In Bangladesh, there were few studies conducted regarding the knowledge and practice level of student nurses’ about HBV infection prevention.  The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice level of student nurses’ about HBV infection prevention in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted in three nursing colleges at Sylhet in Bangladesh. A pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire with observation checklist was constructed and implemented to assess knowledge and practice about HBV infection prevention. A total of 150 student nurses’ from three nursing college were participated in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used implemented to determine the relationship between categorical variables. The result shows that most of the respondents (83.3%) were female and mean age was 20±8.72 years. The level of knowledge was good (81.07%) and practice level was satisfactory (72.22%) on HBV infection prevention related activities. Most of the respondents had accurate concepts about HBV infection can be prevented by 96% vaccination, 83.33% safe sex, 92.63% use of disposable syringe, 84.67% wearing gloves during patient care and 78% promote public awareness. The study findings concluded that the majority of the respondents had good knowledge and satisfactory practice level in HBV infection prevention. However, not all of them with good knowledge carried out good practices about to HBV infection prevention in their working place. Authority should be ensuring vaccination status and periodical training program to maintain continued good level of knowledge and practice for prevention HBV infection.

The present study was aimed to compare the production status and management practices of crossbred buffaloes between small scale and commercial farms in Bangladesh. The data were collected through personal interview from the individual respondent. The study revealed that duration of buffalo rearing was mostly practiced for more than two years. Various types of feed ingredients including rice straw, wheat straw, green grass, concentrate feed, cultivated fodder, tree leaves and unconventional feed resources were used for feeding buffaloes. In small scale, 83.34% farmers fed their buffalo in a group and 75% buffaloes reared under semi-intensive system while all buffaloes practiced individual feeding and reared under intensive system in commercial farms. The daily milk production, lactation length and yield of dam and birth weight of calves significantly (p<0.05) increased in commercial farm than small scale. However, the weaning age and weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in village buffaloes than commercial farms. Similarly, age at 1^st heat, 1^st calving, services per conception and postpartum heat showed significantly (p<0.05) higher values in village than commercial farms. The major diseases of buffaloes in those areas were foot and mouth disease, black quarter, hemorrhagic septicemia, mastitis and anthrax. A proportion of 88.3% village farmers performed vaccination, in contrast, all buffaloes were vaccinated in commercial farms. The cost-return analysis discovered that rearing of buffalo in commercial farms was more profitable than rearing in small scale. Finally, the results revealed that productive and reproductive performances of buffaloes were better in commercial farms than small scale condition. Buffalo rearing is more profitable in commercial farms than small scale farming.

The control of Newcastle Disease (ND) relies on the use of safe and effective vaccines. Live vaccines which are prepared with lentogenic strains of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) are now more frequently used in broilers and layers than vaccines prepared from chemically inactivated strains of NDV mixed with adjuvant. This is because live freeze-dried vaccines can be produced on a large scale at a relative low cost. The vaccines are easy to administer on large scale, and rapidly stimulate cell-mediated and mucosal surface immunity. The present study was designed to compare the efficacy of LaSota, B1 and Mukteswar Strain vaccines for NDV in layer chickens. Findings of our present study indicated that production of HI-antibody titre was higher in birds of group A (512) vaccinated with ND LaSota, compared to those of group B (256) vaccinated with RDV (Mukteswar strain); group C (128) vaccinated with ND B1 (B1 strain) Hitchner at six weeks after vaccination. Thus, the ND LaSota vaccine was found to be superior to some extent than ND B1 Hitchner. However, as regards vaccination of chicks against NDV in earlier days, the use of lentogenic strains are recommended although it should be kept in mind that vaccination with LaSota strains would cause greater problems in young susceptible birds than Hitchner B1 strain and even though LaSota induces stronger immune response.

Each year, millions of lives are saved through blood transfusion. Most of the youngsters are the potential voluntary and replacement blood donors in every society where students comprise significant amount. By knowing their perceptions about blood donation and by encouraging them to donate blood regularly will help to fulfill the demand of safe blood. Therefore, the research aimed to know the perceptions of university students towards blood donation and to explore the factors influencing their willingness to donate blood. Using convenient sampling, the data were collected from 201 current students of Jahangirnagar University through a well-structured questionnaire. Results show, the blood donation rate is quite good among students of Jahangirnagar University of Bangladesh (50.74%) and most of them are male (80.39%) compared to female (19.61%). The study revealed students “mother’s education level”, “residence type”, “number of blood donating times” and “involvement with blood donation organization” are highly significant factors with their blood donation behavior (p <0.001). About 67% student donated their blood to save another life and 28% blood donor think, it is their social responsibility. Five reasons found behind not donating blood: health (71%) had no time (14%), no reason (6%) for fear (8%) and religion (1%). Though half of the university students donate blood but by introducing more motivational campaign by government or blood donation organization or university authority, rest of the students attitude can be converted, and they may donate blood which will help to fulfill Bangladesh’s annual safe blood demand.

Agriculture farmers face abundant risk for crop cultivation at rural area of Bangladesh. About 85% of population in coastal region of Bangladesh, Dumki upazila, related to agriculture for livelihood directly or indirectly. To mitigate the problem facing by the farmers, there are available a lots of climate smart technologies. However, different demographic, socio-economic, production, management and post-harvest determinants influences the adoption of these modern technologies. This study focuses on the identification of farmer’s socio-economic condition, their knowledge, attitude, and perception on improvement of existing livelihood based on selected personal and demographic variables. Both primary and secondary data has been collected from different sources to fulfill the objectives. The results of this study indicated that the farmer’s age, education level and farming experiences significantly influence the adoption of modern technologies. Farmer’s knowledge, perception and attitude differ on different demographic condition like, age, sex, education, farm size, farming year. Results also showed that lacking of quality seeds, lacking/high price of labor and other inputs for crop production hastens the adoption of modern technologies. This study provides some recommendation which might impacts on betterment of farmers’ occupational condition by establishing proper policy and legislation both in local and national level.

Food habits and lifestyle are risk factors of health problem. Moreover, adulthood health depends on adolescent health. A cross-sectional study was designed to know the lifestyle and dietary habits of high school going students during the pandemic. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected randomly from the students. Descriptive analysis, logistic regression model and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that most of the students fairly follow the lifestyle and dietary habits. It is observed that students who read newspapers daily are 75% more likely to follow the dietary pattern. During a pandemic, most of the high school going students in north-eastern part of Bangladesh were taking protein types food (communality=0.724) and vegetables (communality=0.694) maximum times per week. Students increased their sleeping hours (communality=0.784) and intended to do job (communality=0.781) to help their families during the COVID-19. Moreover, the study also observed some important lifestyle factors like- watching mobile/laptop, connecting social media etc. and most of the students (45%) thought that electronic devices hamper their normal education. Taken together, the findings of this study may be useful to make awareness in the society about the healthy and unhealthy lifestyle as well as food habits. Government and Non-Government organizations should take proper nutritional and health related programs in the high schools that provide healthy lifestyle and food habits for improving the public health sector in Bangladesh.

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infestation in cattle and goat at Metro Livestock Office, Boalia in Rajshahi District for 22 weeks from 1^st December, 2020 to 30^th April, 2021. A total number of 240 animals were included in the study. The overall prevalence of helminthes infestation was recorded 70 % (168) under semi-intensive system. The trematodal infestations (Fasciola & Paramphistomum) were found in cattle 37.64% and 20% and in goat 21.29%, 18.06% respectively. The nematodal infestations (Ascaris and Trichuris) were found of 12.94% & 3.52% in cattle and 25.16% & 3.22% in goat respectively. The highest prevalence was recorded in goat 43.75% than cattle 26.25%. In case of cattle the highest prevalence rate was recorded in female 65.07% than the male 34.92% and in goat 55.23% and 44.76%. In breed wise susceptibilty of helminth parasite, cross bred  60.31%  were comparatively have higher prevalence than local bred cattle  39.68% and in case of goat Black Bengal goat  45.71% was less susceptible to Gastrointestinal parasitic infestation than Jamunapari goat 54.28%. The study suggests that importance should be given to proper management, improved hygiene and regular deworming to prevent the parasitic infestation in cattle. Therefore, the results of this study will help to the veterinary practitioner’s and researchers for management of gastrointestinal parasitic infestation in this area.