One of the viral diseases affecting both domestic and wild animals in many countries around the world is foot and mouth disease (FMD). The livestock sector has been suffering significant financial losses for many years as a result of the disease. The present research work was focused on the isolation, documentation and serotyping of the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus from different locations. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-O that is currently circulating in the BHK-21 cell line. All the tested samples were positive for FMDV and specific for serotype-O was 64.67-52.67% from tongue epithelium tissues and 30.67-16.67% from foot tissues respectively based on locations. In BHK-21 cell lines, the viruses caused cytopathic effects such as rounding, enlargement, intercellular bridge breakdown, and finally, death of cells, which shows the presence of the FMD virus under an inverted microscope. The BHK-21 cell culture fluid was found positive for FMDV in cell culture and also was positive based on CPE. Once more, the resulting inoculum was used to serotype the virus using RT-PCR. Based on the result of the RT-PCR method, the conclusion reached was that the serotype of the FMD virus was ‘Type O’.

Food and habitat are important environmental factors, which are play significant role in the physiology of fish. The present experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of food and habitat on hematological parameters in rohu Labeo rohita reared from first feeding in pond with natural foods and in aquarium using formulated feed for three months (90 days). Fish were sacrificed after the rearing period and hemato-biochemical parameters (hemoglobin - Hb, red blood cell - RBC, white blood cell - WBC and glucose) were measured. Hb (%) of the fish in ponds was slightly higher than in the fish of aquarium. RBC (×10⁶/mm³) in the fish reared in aquaria showed a significant decline in comparison to the pond reared fish, whereas WBC (×10³/mm³) showed opposite scenario. Blood glucose was slightly higher in the fish of aquarium than in the fish of pond. The water quality parameters showed no significant difference between the two habitats. The data reported in this study contributes towards the knowledge of hematological evaluation in Labeo rohita and showed that fish food and habitat were crucial in establishing the physiological range supporting the accurate interpretation of hematological parameters for use in examining the health status of this species.

The present study aimed to examine the productive and reproductive performance of Indigenous buffaloes in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Buffalo husbandry plays a crucial role in the livelihoods of numerous farmers across various upazilas in Mymensingh. A total of 100 indigenous buffaloes were selected for the study, representing four upazilas: Trishal, Haluaghat, Muktagachha, and Sadar upazilla in Mymensingh district. The findings of this study revealed that the average lactation length of indigenous buffaloes was 273.04±4.75 days. Furthermore, the average milk yield of indigenous buffaloes was measured at 2.33±0.77 litres. The average birth weight, gestation period, age at first calving, calving interval, and post-partum heat period for indigenous buffaloes were observed to be 19.44±3.24 kg, 313.04±6.40 days, 52.53±3.10 months, 558.43±60.05 days, and 142.33±29.32 days, respectively. Based on the results obtained from all the parameters studied, it can be concluded that the productive and reproductive performance of Indigenous buffaloes in the Trishal upazilla surpassed that of the other three upazilas.

Campylobacter is a prevalent zoonotic bacterial pathogen found in various food animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry. The increasing production of crossbred cattle in Bangladesh is aimed at meeting the demand for animal protein. However, this trend also poses public health risks associated with emergence of cattle-specific Campylobacter. It is probable that there is an increased probability of transmission of pathogenic Campylobacter among humans and animals, as well as within the farm environment. Nevertheless, it has been established that Campylobacter is also a significant contributor to childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh.  The objective of this study is to examine Campylobacter in animals and humans, including the risk factors that contribute to its occurrence, patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and measures that can be taken to prevent and control its spread. The study has established predominant maintenance zoonotic Campylobacter in source animals and their burden in humans is enormous. Our research is primarily focused on promoting public health by improving cleaning and sanitation practices in animal farms, which can help reduce the amount of Campylobacter present in the environment. The data and insights provided in this article can be valuable for policy planners and public health experts who are working to create effective and sustainable strategies aimed at reducing the risks associated with Campylobacter infection over the long term.

There is widespread misinformation, taboos, and a lack of scientific analysis about vitiligo. In Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of research on vitiligo, though advanced treatments are widely available. This study aimed to investigate the treatment efficacy of vitiligo in a selected dermatology clinic and analyze the factors that impact the efficacy level. This was an analytical cross-sectional study among vitiligo patients who attended a dermatology clinic for treatment and were followed up for at least six months. Patients were treated by experienced physicians through a holistic treatment approach. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information after obtaining informed consent. The data was processed by Microsoft Excel 2013 and analyzed by SPSS 25.0. The mean age of the study participants was 25.14 ± 13.32 years, where 60% were female. Acrofacial (33%), focal (27%), and acral (14%) are the most common types of vitiligo, and the face (n=73) is the most common body part. We have seen excellent treatment efficacy as proven by 94% of patients' lesion sizes decreased and 96% gained repigmentation at six months' follow-up. Our study revealed there is a negative impact of the presence of systemic disease and co-morbidities on vitiligo. The efficacy of the treatment was significantly affected by advanced age, body surface area, hypertension, diabetes, and anemia (P<0.05). Our analysis revealed a good treatment efficacy of holistic treatment for vitiligo in selected clinic. For more effective treatment, control of co-morbidities is essential. The findings of this study will help clinicians in their decision making during the treatment process of vitiligo.