The aims of this study were to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of community associated acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN) or healthcare associated APN (HCA-APN), to determine risk factors linked with APN, and to identify the microbiological profile and its susceptibility patterns to antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2022 at the nephrology unit of Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan. Urine and blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with APN. These samples were investigated to identify the microbiologic profile of the infecting organisms and determine their antibiotic susceptibility results. From a total of 97 adult and elderly APN patients, 55 (56.7%) were classified as HCA-APN, while 42 (43.3%) were classified as CA-APN. In the univariate analysis, age ≥ 65, catheterization, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurologic disease, chronic pulmonary disease, PCT level, and ANC were identified as significant risk factors for HCA-APN compared to CA-APN. Patients with catheterization and CVD history showed independent association in the multivariate analysis. The overall mortality rate was 11.3%, which was significantly associated with HCA-APN (P = 0.002). Considering the microbiological profile, Escherichia coli uropathogen (n=61) was the predominant isolated bacteria followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=17). High antibiotic resistance rates were observed in fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporin classes among E. coli uropathogen in both CA-APN and HCA-APN patients, with a rate of 74.5 % and 63.9%, respectively. In conclusion, there is an increase in mortality rate regarding HCA-APN. The HCA-APN characteristics should be considered when prescribing empiric antibiotics. In our local setting, carbapenems are effective empiric therapies against enterobacteraceae uropathogens, for both HCA-APN and CA-APN. In order to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, implementing surveillance systems, infection prevention and control measures, and antimicrobial stewardship programs within our healthcare setting is crucial.

Aquaculture sector significantly contribute in terms of food and nutrition security, sustainable livelihood, poverty eradication as well as overall economic development throughout the world. However, sustainable aquaculture production is a great challenge due to the climate change issues including global warming, rainfall variation, flood, and salinity intrusion. To consider the negative effects of climate changes on aquaculture production, culture of striped catfish can be one of the effective strategies for adaptation to climate changes. The capability to tolerate several adverse environmental conditions makes it a suitable aquaculture species. Moreover, striped catfish can be cultured at high stocking densities in wide range of waterbodies such freshwater, brackish water and saltwater environment as well as culture practices including monoculture, polyculture, and cage culture. Finally, it is highly recommended that striped catfish could be the best suitable candidate for aquaculture to adapt the future climate changes.

Both musculoskeletal and mental health are important components of the quality of life of individuals as well as public health. This study aimed to determine the musculoskeletal and mental health problems of adult smokers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. During July to October 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among desk-based officials in Dhaka city who smoke. Musculoskeletal pain of officials was determined by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and mental health status was determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale. The collected dataset was checked and analyzed by IBM SPSS 23 package software. During the study period, 289 complete interviews with smokers were conducted, of which only 13.1% were female. Our analysis has identified a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (66%), where 15% had severe pain and another 28% had moderate pain. Severe depression was seen among 2.8% of participants, and another 9% had moderately severe depression. Advanced aged individuals (>54 years) are at higher risk of having musculoskeletal pain (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.01-3.93). People who are overweight or obese have 71% more risk of developing musculoskeletal pain (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.86). Moreover, having a lift facility in the house and the depression level of the participants were also significantly associated with the presence of musculoskeletal pain (P<0.05). There is a high prevalence of moderate to severe musculoskeletal pain and mental health problems among sedentary workers who smoke. The findings of this study would be helpful for smoking cessation programs to control smoking and would guide policymakers to take effective steps to control tobacco. More research is required to determine the combined effect of depression and smoking on musculoskeletal pain.

Mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a chronic zoonotic disease that is contagious, notifiable, and causes enormous economic harm as well as a serious threat to public health. This study was carried out from July 2022 to June 2023 among the abattoir workers in Barishal City Corporation area to assess the degree of comprehension, attitudes, and practices concerning bTB prevention and control as well as awareness of public health. A total of 50 abattoir personnel participated in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was developed for the face-to-face interview of the participants. The impact of education and training on abattoir personnel's knowledge of bTB prevention and control was evaluated using descriptive analysis and a chi-square test in this study. This study demonstrated that abattoir workers who received training on meat handling and processing have a good understanding of disinfection of the meat preparing place [χ² (2, N=291) = 6.688, p<0.05] and equipment [χ² (2, N=50) = 9.813, p<.05] for ensuring food safety and preventing bacterial contamination. The respondents' knowledge of bTB and their level of training were statistically significantly correlated (𝑃 < 0.05). However, the study revealed inadequate knowledge amongst both trained and non-trained abattoir personnel pertaining to issues of public health, bTB transmission, prevention and control. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the relevant authorities should take necessary steps to ensure regular training and educational programs on meat handling and processing for prevention and control of bTB as well as other zoonotic diseases to protect public health.