The occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths was investigated in 50 house rats (Rattus rattus) trapped from two habitats; domestic area and paddy field area of Dhaka, Bangladesh during May 2014 to April 2015.  The prevalence of helminths was 88% (44/50) and intensity was 34.73 (1528 parasites from 44 hosts). The study revealed that the rodents were infected with eight species of parasites (one trematode, four cestodes and three nematodes) which were collected from gastrointestinal tract and liver of the hosts. Of the helminths, the dominant parasites were Echinostoma cinetorchis (36.52%) followed by Heterakis spumosa (31.74%), Hymenolepis nana (7.26%), Syphacia obvelata (7.13%), Hydatigera taeniaeformis (6.68%), Oesophagostomum eurycephalum (5.04%), Hymenolepis diminuta (3.01%) and Hymenolepis sp. (2.62%). Domestic rats showed the highest prevalence of infestation (90%) compared to paddy field rats (85%), whereas the intensity was lower (30.30 ± 10.53) in domestic rats than in the paddy field rats (41.77 ± 12.79). Peak prevalence was observed in males but intensity was found higher in female host. Occurrence of double infection was higher in domestic rats (53.33%). Intestine was the favorite niche compared to other organs. The highest prevalence was observed in winter and spring and the intensity was the highest in autumn in domestic rat, whereas in paddy field rat, the highest prevalence was observed in autumn and spring, the intensity was also the highest in spring. In both the hosts, intermediate length groups and highest weight groups were more vulnerable to infection.

While the growth of most plants is severely restricted by the toxic effects lead (Pb), some (plants) can cope with the heavy metal stress. These hyperaccumulators are used to extract (lead) from contaminated soil in a process called phytoremediation. Although some species of Brassica are widely being used as hyperaccumulators, the phytoremediation potential of many varieties of Brassica juncea (mustard) is not well understood. The present study was conducted to assess the phytoremediation potentials of 11 mustard genotypes under Pb stress. Twenty-day-old seedlings were exposed to 200 µM Pb nitrate under hydroponic conditions and grown for 60 days. The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with three replications. In response to Pb stress, a significant reduction in growth of the studied traits was observed in all of the varieties. The lowest reduction for all of the studied traits including Pb accumulation was recorded in BJ DH 17. Nevertheless, the translocation of Pb from root to shoot and shoot to grain was highest in Sambal. Bioaccumulation co-efficient was highest in Sambal whereas it was lowest in BJ DH 17. Based on the results of the present study, the variety Sambal is recognized as the most suitable genotype that can be used for Pb phytoextraction.

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly fatal viral disease of goat and sheep. This research work was done in 2017-2018 by executing, surveillance and epidemiological studies to determine present status of circulating PPR virus and its molecular characterization in different areas of Bangladesh. cELISA was conducted to detect the PPR antibody and RT-PCR also used for identification of N gene PPRV. Sera samples and nasal swabs were collected from eight (8) selected villages under Meherpur sadar upazila of Meherpur district on questionnaire basis. Considering two villages as control and six villages as treatment villages. The total 1860 sera were collected at pre vaccination, 21 days, 3 months, 6 months of post vaccination at these selected areas that tested by cELISA and 8035 goat and sheep were received locally produced PPR Vaccine. Baseline study showed that a total of 950 household rear goats in selected 8 villages where number of goats per household ranges from 4.0-5.0. Deworming was done before vaccination in the treatment villages. Prevaccination status of six (6) treatment villages were 55.95%, 50.76%, 37.68%, 41.12%, 44.62% and 43.26% in Chakshamnagar, kola, Amjupi, Amdah, Gopalpur and Chadbill respectively, whereas in the control villages (2) seropositive were 40.00% and 42.57% in Doforpur and Mayamari, respectively. Overall 44.90% goats were seropositive against PPR Virus in treatment villages before vaccination. The Sera was analyzed from 21 days, 3 months and 6 months of post-vaccinated goat and sheep from the treatment (6) villages showed the average herd immunity level of goats and sheep rose to 89.10%, 93.25% and 93.37% respectively whereas in the control villages seropositive goats was 38.14%, 43.98% and 35.64% respectively. Awareness building campaigns with villagers have been conducted involving both men and women through the training, meeting, regular visit of household, distribution of poster and leaflet. The mortality and case fatality rate recorded were 7.4% and 18.8%, respectively due to PPR outbreaks. In clinical case, total 59 nasal swabs were molecular characterized by RTPCR and 41 (69.49%) samples were N gene positive. Among them, the highest presence of PPR virus was recorded at Meherpur sadar upazila 80.77% (21 out of 26) samples was positive. The result of RT-PCR indicates the PPR virus circulating in the different regions of Bangladesh. It is reflected that locally produced PPR vaccine confers sufficient herd immunity that can protect PPR disease in goat and sheep which helps to meet global PPR control programme.

The study was conducted in Pabna and Sirajganj districts under Rajshahi division of Bangladesh to assess the current scenario, feasibility, vaccination service, net income from small scale Broiler farming. The information was collected using pre-structured questionnaire from 50 randomly selected respondents who were involved in broiler farming. We collected the data related to family member(s), education, main occupation, training, annual income, number of broiler in each batch, name of feed Company; types of shed, existing marketing system etc. Results showed that out of 50 respondents 80% completed their graduation, 10% medium level of educated and rest of the respondents were illiterate. In case of farmer types, 29% small farmers, 41% medium type & rest of them were large type farmer. The day old chick (DOC) price was ranging from 40-42 taka each of all respondents. Most of the respondents used ready broiler feed and purchased from Kazi, Provita and Nourish Co.Ltd. About 30-40 % farmers marketed their birds at 32-35 days and final weight was ranging from 2.06- 2.29 kg/bird. The result of present study could be considered as a useful tool to new entrepreneurs at decision making in broiler production in Bangladesh.

The objectives of this investigation were to seek out the residue level of nitrofurans and chloramphenicol in cultured tilapia muscle in south west region of Bangladesh. Ninety samples were collected randomly from various fish farm of different Upazillas of Khulna, Satkhira and Bagerhat districts during August-December, 2017, where each district was contained 30 samples. Antibiotic residues level present in the animal muscles were detected using ELISA in the Quality Control Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries, Khulna, Bangladesh. To collect information about the status of feed type questionnaire interviews were performed during sample collection from the respective farmers. The overall results revealed that nitrofuran metabolites and CAP residue existed in all the samples within the MRL (Maximum Residue Level) with the exception of 3.33%, 6.66% and 3.33% samples of Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira district respectively. Antibiotic residue data showed all nitrofuran metabolites like SEM, AOZ, AMOZ, AHD and CAP were present in all samples in which SEM was highest in Shatkhira district and lowest in Khulna district. In case of AHD, highest residue was found in Khulna and lowest was Satkhira district. Additionally, AOZ was highest in Khulna district and lowest in Bagerhat district and AMOZ was highest in Bagerhat district and lowest Satkhira district. CAP was found highest in Satkhira district while that was lowest in Bagerhat district. The results of the also revealed that contamination of nitrofuran metabolites and chloramphenicol were more in tilapia farms where home-made feed was used compared to commercial feed.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal health (OIE) notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality and caused by PPR virus. This research work was done in 2016-2017 by executing, surveillance and clinical investigation studies to determine present status of circulating PPR virus and its detection of antibody level of PPRV in different areas of Bangladesh. cELISA was conducted to detect the PPR antibody and RT-PCR also used for identification of N gene PPRV. The clinical outbreak of PPR, the total 124 samples was collected at the six locations of the country and highest case fatality (morbidity) was recorded at Jhenaidah 93.75% (75 out of 80).The highest morbidity rate and mortality rate was 69.23% and 13.07% respectively. The result of RT-PCR indicates the PPR virus circulating in the different regions of Bangladesh. For sero-prevalence of PPR antibodies of 366 serum samples were collected at different region of Bangladesh such as Chuadanga 47.81% (22 out of 47), Sirajganj 34.21% (13 out of 38), Thakurgaon 48.15% (26 out of 54), Satkhira 56.92% (37out of 65), Jhenaidah 33.33% (28 out of 84) and Chattogram 30.79 % (24 out of 78). It is reflected that the selected areas are highly suspected PPR and need to proper vaccination against PPR vaccine that can protect PPR disease in goat and sheep which helps to meet global PPR control strategy as well as contribute to achieve the two (2) number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Diabetes is a serious and growing global epidemic affecting people more in developing countries than developed countries, and is particularly devastating when triggered during pregnancy. Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy, while their offspring are prone to develop childhood obesity with type 2 diabetes in later life. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Bangladeshi women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes among the pregnant women attending the OPD of BIRDEM Hospital. The study was conducted from January 2013 to April 2013. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 version. The finding of this study shows that, 42.3% of the respondents were in the age group 30-34 years and the mean age of the respondents was 24.4 (±4.94) years. The majority of the respondents (68.2%) were Muslim and it was also seen that 46.9% of the respondents had HSC level of education. More than half (65.9%) of the respondents were housewives and about 82.9% were from nuclear family. About 47.3% of the respondents had positive family history of hypertension and 34.4% had diabetes. More than half (57.7%) of the respondents did not maintain diabetic diet and 23.6% of the respondents had attended GDM program. The prevalence of gestational diabetes is 35.1%. There is need of appropriate intervention to control GDM and also risk indicator modifications in order to avoid complication regarding to mother and child.