Issue 3

Considering the potential health hazardous effects, the distribution and deposition of heavy metals and trace elements including Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb in different tissues (skin, brain, liver, meat, and bone) of broiler and layer chickens, their feeds, litter, and eggs were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after nitric/perchloric acid digestion. The samples for this study were taken from four poultry industries located at Sreepur upazila of Gazipur district of Bangladesh. The observed levels of heavy metals and trace element contents in different studied samples were to be in the range of 0.143±0.001 to 7.324±0.004 mg/kg for Mn, below the detection limit (BDL) to 324.43±0.003 mg/kg for Fe, 0.451±0.002 to 4.329±0.005 mg/kg for Cu, 0.014±0.001 to 7.413±0.003 mg/kg for Zn, 0.082±0.002 to 7.806±0.002 mg/kg for Cr, 0.112±0.002 to 1.581±0.002 mg/kg for Cd, and BDL to 34.775±0.004 mg/kg for Pb. Although some elements were found at a lower concentration in feed samples, they were found at a higher level in various parts of the examined chickens, eggs, and litter which may be resulted from other sources such as drinking water, soil, and the surrounding environment of the poultry industries. The brain contained a maximum amount of Cd, Cr, and Pb in comparison to other studied tissues of poultry. Most of the chicken body parts showed an excess level of Cr than the recommended guidelines. The Cu and Zn contents were usual in studied egg samples, whereas Mn, Fe, Cd, Cr, and Pb were found higher than their tolerance limits which are highly alarming for public health and demand regular governance and monitoring.

A study was conducted at Babugonj upazilla under the district of Barishal in Bangladesh during the period from 1^st December, 2020 to 29th April, 2021. To determine the prevalence and therapeutic efficiency of Peste des Petits Ruminants in goat. A total number of 523 diseases cases were recorded randomly irrespective of age ,sex ,and breed over the study period, among them 118 case were clinically diagnosed as Peste des Petits Ruminants. The overall prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in goat was 22.56%. Diarrhoea, dyspnea, oculonasal discharge, rough hair coat, dullness, depression, and erosion on the lip were the common findings during clinical examination of Peste des Petits Ruminants patients. The prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in different age group upto 4 month, 5-8 month,9-12 month, Above 12 month were 11.02%, 31.36%, 33.90% and. 23.73% respectively. Female are more susceptible (76.27%) than male (23.72%). Black bengal goats were more susceptible (69.49%) than Jamunapari (30.50%). Peste des Petits Ruminants causes higher mortality and heavy economic losses in every year which may be reduced substantially by proper vaccination and other manage mental approaches.

Clinicopathological status of duck plague was investigated at different upazila of Dinajpur district during the period from October, 2017 to March, 2018. The clinical features emphasiging the mortality and prevalence, necropsy for gross morbid lesions, histopathological features were examined. The farm and flock history, managemental aspects, vaccination status, nutrition, etc. were recorded carefully. The data was collected and statistically analyzed. Farmer’s complaints about their affected birds were also considered and emphasized. The average mortality rate was recorded as 14.42% and prevalence was 19.81%. The sick birds clinically showed moderate to severe depression, ocular and nasal discharges, ataxia, dypsia. The affected organs were pathologically characterized as mild to moderate congestion and haemorrhages with misshapen, ruptured cystic ova and histopathologically characterized as mild to moderate architectural destruction, reactive cell infiltration.

Avian mycoplasmosis in commercial chicken is a serious problem around the world, and responsible for high economic losses and decreased poultry productivity. This study aimed to characterize the mycoplasma infection macroscopically and microscopically in commercially important poultry like broiler and layer in Barishal, Bangladesh. Diagnosis of mycoplasmosis was made on the basis of history, clinical signs, necropsy findings and histopathology of the suspected organs. The study was conducted on a total no. of 460 birds (broiler n=237; layer n=223) of 20 different farms of three different upazillas of Barishal district in Bangladesh. The overall prevalence of micoplasmosis was 26.52%. Layer chicken (30.04%) was more susceptible to mycoplasmosis than broiler chicken (23.20%). The highest prevalence of mycoplasmosis was observed in 3-6 weeks-aged chicken in both broiler (54.55%) and layer (35.82%) chicken. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in mycoplasmosis prevalence rate among the seasons. The highest prevalence rate of mycoplasmosis was in winter season followed by rainy and seasons. Major necropsy findings of mycoplasmosis include catarrhal hemorrhage and mucus exudation on tracheal mucosa and severe congestion, consolidation and reddish gelatinous mass over the lung surface. Mycoplasmosis caused severe tracheitis, bronchitis, air sacculitis, and pneumonia in chickens. Mycoplasma affected different organs in the chicken and hinder the production through morbidity and mortality. Present study will provide the baseline data for future in-depth research on mycoplasmosis to draw an effective policy for controlling and eradicating mycoplasmosis from commercial poultry.