Socio-economic dynamics and goat husbandry practices in Zanjira upazila of Shariatpur district, Bangladesh

Goat husbandry is an essential component of many farming systems in Bangladesh, particularly for rural and poor households, due to its role in income generation, food security, and poverty alleviation. To evaluate the socio-economic status and husbandry methods of backyard goat farmers, a study was conducted in Zanjira upazila of Shariatpur district, Bangladesh, from March to May 2023. A total of 50 goat-raising farmers were selected at random from eight different unions in the Zanjira upazila. Data were collected using a pre-tested standard questionnaire, in-person visits and observations, formal and informal conversations, and farm records. The results reveal that the majority of farmers rear Black Bengal goats (70%) under a semi-intensive system (82%). Most farmers are landless (58%), middle-aged (62%), and primarily educated (52%), with many being housewives or males who started raising goats with their own money (50%) and without formal training (84%). While only 36% of goat owners engage in summer bathing, night shelter is provided in a goathouse (64%), cattle house (22%), or home (14%). Additionally, 80% of goat owners use bedding materials throughout the winter, and green grass and concentrates are provided by the majority of farmers (98%). A tube well serves as a significant source of water for 82% of the farmers. All farmers (100%) employed natural breeding, with 98% using a hired breeding buck. While a significant portion (68%) frequently used anthelmintics, very few (14%) provided regular vaccinations to their goats. The most common diseases and disorders in the assessed area include myiasis (30%), PPR (28%), dog bites (22%), and abscesses (20%). This study also revealed that goat owners face challenges related to housing, feeding, healthcare, and limited grazing access. Addressing these issues could significantly improve livelihoods and contribute to the national economy. The present study will be helpful for farmers, scientists, and policymakers in making decisions to enhance productivity and sustainability through better feed management, improved healthcare practices, and organic goat production.