Issue 2

A combination of nutritionally inferior diets and improper feeding practices are major contributing factors to the development of childhood malnutrition. Complementary feeding improvement should be of highest priority for nutrition of infant and young children containing all essential nutrients at required amount. The objective of this study was designed to investigate the inclusion of weaning food formulation and evaluating compositional and functional properties of the products. The analysis undertaken in this study was infant food formulation, proximate composition, mineral concentration and sensory properties. The moisture content in this study ranged from 1.49 ± 0.12 to 3.89 ±0.12, crude protein from 15.09 ± 0.05 to 16.79± 0.01, crude fat from 11.11 ± 0.07 to 12.80 ± 0.00, total ash from 2.06 ± 0.03 to 2.21 ± 0.00, carbohydrate from 65.9740 ± 0.24 to 68.2641 ± 0.14 and energy value ranged from 431.68 ± 0.05 to 449.18 ± 0.57. From the result provided, sample-A contained the highest protein, moisture, fat content than sample-B. But carbohydrate and energy are highest in sample-B than sample-A. The two macro minerals mg/100 g of Ca and Zn in the study were ranged from lower 0.60±0.07 to 0.79±0.01 and 1.05±0.01 to 2.44±0.06 respectively. Beta-carotene is varied from 0.90±o.01 to 1.17±0.00. Sensory parameters such as colour, appearance, texture, taste, aroma and overall acceptability is high in sample-A than to sample-B. Finally, from the general trend observed in this study that both the weaning foods prepared from cereal, legume, pulse flour provided better nutritional and functional compositions to meet nutrient dense of infant foods.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of discriminate and indiscriminate use of colistin sulfate on body weight and haematological parameters in broiler. Day-old-broiler chicks were collected and reared for up to 31 days. The chicks were randomly divided into control, discriminate and indiscriminate antibiotic group. The discriminate group was treated with colistin sulfate antibiotic (Eskolis-24) for one week (from 16th to 22th day) followed by one week withdrawal period. In case of indiscriminate group, the poultry were treated with colistin sulfate antibiotic for 14 days (from 16th to 29th day) without any withdrawal period until sacrifice. The body weight of the birds were recorded daily. The mean body weight was highest in indiscriminate group (1408.22±133.49 gm) followed by discriminate group (1330.15±134.93 gm) and control group (1243.81±173.19 gm). The differences among means of three groups were not statistically significant. The Total erythrocyte count (Million/mm3) of control, discriminate, and indiscriminate groups were 2.53± 0.05, 2.56±0.08, and 2.52±0.08 respectively. The hemoglobin (gm%) were 7.06± 0.09, 7.03± 0.12, and 7.11±0.09 respectively and the Packed Cell Volume (%) were 19.66±1.11, 19.33±0.95, and 20.16±0.70 respectively. The results found were not statistically significant among the groups for TEC, Hb and PCV respectively. Total lymphocyte (%) count were 67.16±0.60, 70±1.15, and 71.83±1.30 respectively. Total neutrophil (%) count were 32.83± 0.60, 28.83±1.42, and 26.83±1.10 respectively. Total eosinophil (%) count were 0± 0, 1±0.44, and 1.16±0.40 respectively. Total basophil (%) count were zero (0) and total monocyte (%) count were 0± 0, 0.17±0.17, and 0.17±0.17 respectively. In our experiment, both discriminate and indiscriminate groups showed no significant differences of lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte. Therefore, discriminate and indiscriminate use of colistin sulfate for two weeks has no effect on haematological parameters of broiler poultry. Further experiment needed for more concise conclusion.

The Bornean Spotted Barb is endemic fish species and widely distributed throughout Borneo in various freshwater bodies and can be considered as a potential aquaculture candidate for food security and the ornamental trade. However there has yet to be scientific studies on the early life history and developmental stages of this species. Thus the present study reveals the embryonic development of Puntius sealei embryo, from fertilization to post-hatching using the induced breeding method. The induced spawning on P. sealei using Ovaprim hormone at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for females and 0.25ml/kg for males respectively was successfully conducted and the embryonic development of the fertilized eggs were observed. The zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and larval phases were the six major stages of embryogenesis that investigated in this experiment. This study contributed major knowledge to the early developmental biology of this particular species. The information will be useful for accessing the potentiality of this species for aquaculture as well as the management, and production of the species.

The present study was aimed to detect and quantify major organophosphorus pesticide residues in cauliflower and cucumber collected from different retail markets of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. In this study, a total of 50 vegetable samples (30 samples of cauliflower and 20 samples of cucumber) were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector (GC-FTD). Among the 30 analyzed samples of cauliflower, 5 samples (16.7% of the total number of samples) contained residues of chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, acephate and dimethoate, where 4 samples contained multiple pesticide residues. All the contaminated samples of cauliflower contained residues above the EU-MRL. On the other hand, among the 20 analyzed samples of cucumber, only 2 samples (10% of the total number of samples) contained residues of quinalphos and chlorpyrifos at a level being below the EU-MRL. This study reflects the overall scenario of pesticide residues remain in cauliflower and cucumber purchased from different local markets of Dhaka city, which will help the consumer to be aware of their health and safety. The findings derived from this study reveals the public health concern due to the potential of pesticide toxicity in vegetables for the consumers. Therefore, continuous monitoring on the use of pesticides in vegetables should be strengthened.

Presence of harmful contaminants and residues in poultry feed and meat have serious public health consequence. This study was carried out to identify and quantify antibiotic residues, heavy metals and toxins in poultry feed and meat in the two selected poultry production belts of Bangladesh. A total of 94 broiler feed samples and 60 broiler meat samples were collected and tested by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for identification and quantification of the parameters. Antibiotic residues were detected in 18.89% of the feed samples, whereas, there were no toxin (Aflatoxin) positive samples. Among the antibiotic positive samples, Oxytetracycline (OTC) was found predominant and detected in 12.22% cases. The mean concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) were found as 0.04 mg/kg, 1.28 mg/kg and 2.55 mg/kg respectively in feed samples. In the case of meat samples, the mean concentration of OTC, Ciprofloxacin (CIP), and Tetracycline (TCL) residues were found 8.67 ppb, 7.18 ppb and 0.81 ppb accordingly. The highest mean concentration of Oxytetracycline (OTC) (10.15 ppb) was found in samples collected from local poultry sellers, whereas, the highest mean concentration of Tetracycline (TCL) (1.35 ppb) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) (10.62 ppb) were observed in the samples obtained from local farm. The highest percentage of TCL and CIP (64% and 48% respectively) were found in samples collected from local farm. Chlortetracycline (CTC) was found predominant (70%) in samples collected from Contract farms. On the other hand, out of 60 meat samples, Cd and Cr were detected in only one meat sample with concentration of 56.41 mg/kg and 14.44 mg/kg respectively. Lead was not detected in any of the meat samples.

A study was investigated to estimate the current status of health hazardous organochlorine insecticide DDT and its metabolites DDE and DDD in different species of dry fish. To achieve the goal of this experiment, ten different sun-dried fish samples were collected from different markets of Dhaka city. The concentration of DDT, DDE and DDD was determined using the capillary column coupled to Gas Chromatograph with Electron Captured Detector (GC-ECD). Most of the dry fishes, seven out of ten samples, were found to be contaminated with DDT along with its metabolites DDE and DDD ranging from 0.029-1.22 mg/kg which is a serious concern because of the nature of long persistency and bioaccumulation of DDT in the environment. The highest concentration of DDT (1.22 mg/kg) was observed in Pampus chinensis dry fish whereas low concentration was detected in Otolithoides pama (0.029 mg/kg).